Articles by
Atse Louwen, Wilfried G. J. H. M. Van Sark, André P. C. Faaij
Re-assessment of net energy production and greenhouse gas emissions avoidance after 40 years of photovoltaics development
By
Atse Louwen, Wilfried G. J. H. M. Van Sark, André P. C. Faaij
As a result, we show a break-even between the cumulative disadvantages and benefits of photovoltaics, for both energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, occurs between 1997 and 2018, depending on photovoltaic performance and model uncertainties.